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3.       Drug use (Tolerance and withdrawal)

As drugs effect the body, the body can become Tolerant to the drug effects and if the body stops taking the drug, it can experience withdrawal symptoms. Both tolerance and withdrawal effects promote the continued use of the drugs.

• Tolerance – the body becomes less sensitive to the drug, and so requires bigger doses for the same effect.

• Withdrawal – symptoms of not having the drug, opposite to the effects of taking the drug.

The dose tolerance shown on a graph:

1) Tolerant subjects have the same dose, but experience less effect.

2) Tolerant subjects need a greater dose to experience same effects as less tolerant persons.




 

Withdrawal effects shown on a graph:

A1) When the nicotine is taken the subject a huge dopamine surge (happy feeling)

A2) However they also have MASSIVE down time, and so smoke more to get another rush.

A3) However, tolerance then kicks in and so the nicotine isn’t as effective.

B1) A normal person has little highs, but also little lows, doesn’t feel as bad to be that guy.

Causes

Tolerance of a drug is caused by the body’s homeostatic mechanisms counteracting the effects of the drug.

The withdrawal effects of drugs are caused by the body’s homeostatic mechanisms counteracting the effects of the drug, BUT the drug is not there to have an effect.

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4) How MDMA (Ecstasy) works